Capturing human motion using body-fixed sensors: Outdoor measurement and clinical applications
2004
Abstract
Motion capture is mainly based on standard systems using optic, magnetic or sonic technologies. In this paper, the possibility to detect useful human motion based on new techniques using different types of body-fixed sensors is shown. In particular, a combination of accelerometers and angular rate sensors (gyroscopes) showed a promising design for a hybrid kinematic sensor measuring the 2D kinematics of a body segment. These sensors together with a portable datalogger, and using simple biomechanical models, allow capture of outdoor and long-term movements and overcome some limitations of the standard motion capture systems. Significant parameters of body motion, such as nature of motion (postural transitions, trunk rotation, sitting, standing, lying, walking, jumping) and its spatio-temporal features (velocity, displacement, angular rotation, cadence and duration) have been evaluated and compared to the camera-based system. Based on these parameters, the paper outlines the possibility to monitor physical activity and to perform gait analysis in the daily environment, and reviews several clinical investigations related to fall risk in the elderly, quality of life, orthopaedic outcome and sport performance. Taking advantage of all the potential of these body-fixed sensors should be promising for motion capture and particularly in environments not suitable for standard technology such as in any field activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Details
Title
Capturing human motion using body-fixed sensors: Outdoor measurement and clinical applications
Author(s)
Aminian, K. ; Najafi, B.
Published in
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
79-94
Date
2004
ISSN
15464261
Keywords
Clinical studies; Gait; Motion capture; Outdoor monitoring; Posture; Sensors; Accelerometers; Biomechanics; Calibration; Cameras; Compasses (magnetic); Computer graphics; Goniometers; Gyroscopes; Medical applications; Motion compensation; Optical sensors; Orthopedics; Pattern recognition; Signal processing; Ultrasonics; Body-fixed sensors; Clinical studies; Gait; Motion capture; Outdoor monitoring; Posture; Gait analysis
Note
Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Cited By: 3; Export Date: 14 August 2006; Source: Scopus
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Aminian, K.; Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement; School of Engineering; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: kamiar.aminian@epfl.ch
References: Sparks, D.R., Huang, X., Higdon, W., Johnson, J.D., Angular rate sensor and accelerometer combined on the same micromachined CMOS chip (1998) Microsystem Technologies, 4, pp. 139-142; Komura, T., Shinagawa, Y., Kunii, T.L., Calculation and visualization of the dynamic ability of the human body (1999) Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 10 (2), pp. 57-78; Bodenheimer, B., Rose, C., Rosenthal, S., Pella, J., The process of motion capture: Dealing with the data (1997) Computer Animation and Simulation'97, pp. 3-18, Thalmann D, van de Panne M (eds). Eurographics Animation Workshop, New York. Springer: Berlin; Molet, T., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D., A real-time anatomical converter for human motion capture Proceedings of the 7th Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation, pp. 79-94, Springer: Vienna, 1996; Dickstein, R., Abulaffio, N., Gelernter, I., Pillar, T., An ultrasonic-operated kinematic measurement system for assessment of stance balance in the clinic (1996) Clinical Biomechanics, 11, pp. 173-175; Herda, L., Fua, P., Pla?nkers, R., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D., Using skeleton-based tracking to increase the reliability of optical motion capture (2001) Journal of Human Movement Science, 20, pp. 313-341; Delaney, B., On the trail of the shadow woman: The mystery of motion capture (1998) IEEE: Computer Graphics and Applications, 18 (5), pp. 14-19; (2003)http://www.vicon.com, August; (2003)http://www.bts.it, August; (2003)http://www.peakperform.com, August; (2003)http://www.motek.org, August; Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Leardini, A., Benedetti, M.G., Della Croce, U., Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Experimental artefact (1996) Clinical Biomechanics, 11 (2), pp. 90-100; Cappozzo, A., Cappello, A., Della Croce, U., Pensalfini, F., Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction (1997) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44, pp. 1165-1174; Chang, W.L., Su, F.C., Wu, H.W., Wong, C.Y., Motion analysis of scapula with combined skeleton and skin-based marker system (1998) 3rd World Congress of Biomechanics, Sapporo, Japan, 2-8 August; Martinet, N., Andre, J.-M., Analyse cine?matique: Approche goniome?trique (1994) La Marche Humaine et Sa Pathologie, pp. 75-82, Pelissier J, Brun V (eds). Coll. de pathologie locomotrice No. 27. Masson: Paris; Roduit, R., Besse, P.A., Micalef, J.P., Flexible angular sensor (1947) IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, (4), pp. 1020-1022; (2003)www.measurand.com, August; Asch, G., Desgoutte, P., Capteurs de position et de?placement (1991) Les Capteurs en Instrumentation Industrielle, pp. 386-390, Asch G (ed.). Dunod: Paris; Kemp, B., Janssen Ad, J.M.W., Bob Van Der Kamp, B., Body position can be monitored in 3D using miniature accelerometers and earth-magnetic field sensors (1998) Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 109, pp. 484-488; Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., MacIntyre, B., Recent advances in augmented reality (2001) IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21 (6), pp. 34-47; Zhu, H.S., Wertsch, J.J., Harris, G.F., Loftsgaarden, J.D., Price, M.B., Foot pressure distribution during walking and shuffling (1991) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72, pp. 390-397; Abu-Faraj, Z.O., Harris, G.F., Abler, J.H., Wertsch, J.J., A Holter-type, microprocessor-based, rehabilitation instrument for acquisition and storage of plantar pressure data (1997) Journal of Rehabilitation, Research and Development, 34, pp. 187-194; Aminian, K., Robert, P., Buchser, E.E., Rutschmann, B., Hayoz, D., Depairon, M., Physical activity monitoring based on accelerometry: Validation and comparison with video observation (1999) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computation, 37, pp. 304-308; Aminian, K., De Andre?s, E., Rezakhanlou, K., Fritsch, C., Depairon, M., Schutz, Y., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Motion analysis in clinical practice using ambulatory accelerometry (1998) Captech 98, LNAI1537, pp. 1-11, Springer: Berlin; Gre?tillat, F., (1998) Silicon Micromachined Vibrating Gyroscopes with Piezoresistive Detection and Electromagnetic Excitation, Dissertation, University of Neucha?tel; Tong, K., Granat, M.H., A practical gait analysis system using gyroscopes (1999) Medical Engineering and Physics, 21, pp. 87-94; Dejnabadi, H., Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Trevisan, C., Telonio, A., Frigo, C., Pavan, E., (...), Leyvraz, P.F., Joint and segment angles of lower limbs in hip ostheoarthritis and total hip replaced patients measured using Physilog system (2002) EORS 2002 Transactions, 12, pp. O96; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Robert, Ph., An ambulatory system for physical activity monitoring in elderly (2000) Proceedings of the 1st International IEEE EMBS, pp. 562-566, Special Topic Conference on Microtechnology in Medicine and Biology, 12-14, October, Lyon, France; Sagawa, K., Satoh, Y., Non-restricted measurement of walking distance, systems, man, and cybernetics (2000) IEEE International Conference, 3, pp. 1847-1852; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., (2002)Body movement monitoring system and method, Patent no. EP1195139; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Loew, F., Bu?la, C., Robert, Ph., Ambulatory system for human motion analysis using a kinematic sensor: Monitoring of daily physical activity in elderly (2003) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 50 (6), pp. 711-723; Fyfe, K.R., Fyfe, K.W., (2001)Motion analyis system. European patent, EP1066793; Williamson, R., Andrews, B.J., Detecting absolute human knee angle and angular velocity using accelerometers and rate gyroscopes (2001) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 39, pp. 294-302; Wu, G., Ladin, Z., The Kinematometer: An integrated kinematic sensor for Kinesiological measurements (1993) Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 115, pp. 53-62; Mallat, S.G., Hwang, W.L., Singularity detection and processing with wavelets (1989) IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Pocessing, 37 (12), pp. 2091-2110; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Body, Ph., Body postures and walking period estimation using a kinematic sensor: Application for long term monitoring of physical activity in Elderly (2001) ESAMC-2001, Gait and Posture, 14 (2), pp. 119-120; Najafi, B., (2003) Physical Activity Monitoring and Risk of Falling Evaluation in Elderly People, Thesis 2672, Faculte? STI. Section d'e?lectricite?, EPFL, Lausanne; Wachowiak, M.P., Rash, G.S., Quesada, P.M., Desoky, A.H., Wavelet-based noise removal for biomechanical signals: A comparative study (2000) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 47 (3), pp. 360-368; Chau, T., A review of analytical techniques for gait data. Part 1: Fuzzy, statistical, and fractal methods (2001) Gait and Posture, 13, pp. 49-66; Chau, T., A review of analytical techniques for gait data. Part 2: Neural network and wavelet methods (2001) Gait and Posture, 13, pp. 102-120; Medicine and science (2000) Sports and Exercise, 32 (8), pp. S439-S516, Septembersupplement; Wall, J.C., Ashburn, A., Klenerman, L., Gait analysis in the assessment of functional performance before and after total hip replacement (1981) Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 3, pp. 121-127; Hase, K., Miyashita, K., Ok, S., Arakawa, Y., Human gait simulation with a neuromusculoskeletal model and evolutionary computation (2003) Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 14 (2), pp. 73-92; Vaughan, C.L., Davis, B.L., O'Connor, J.C., (1992) Dynamics of Human Gait, Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL; Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Bula, C., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Spatio-temporal parameters of gait measured by an ambulatory system using miniature gyroscopes (2002) Journal of Biomechanics, 35 (5), pp. 689-699; Nyberg, L., Gustafson, Y., Patients falls in stroke rehabilitation. A challenge to rehabilitation strategies (1995) Stroke, 26, pp. 832-842; Pai, Y.C., Rogers, M.W., Control of body mass transfer as a function of speed of ascent in sit to stand (1990) Medical Science and Sports Exercise, 22, pp. 378-384; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Robert, Ph., Measurement of stand-sit and sit-stand transitions using a miniature gyroscope and its application in fall risk evaluation in the elderly (2002) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (8), pp. 843-851; Tinetti, M.E., Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients (1986) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34, pp. 119-126; Prince, F., Corriveau, H., Hebert, R., Winter, D.A., Gait in the elderly (1997) Gait and Posture, 5 (2), pp. 128-135; Maki, B.E., Gait changes in older adults: Predictors of falls or indicators of fear (1997) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 453, pp. 313-320; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Bula, C., Ruggieri, G., Robert, Ph., Falling risk evaluation in elderly using miniature gyroscope: Relation between gait and risk of falling (2001) Proceedings of the International Society for Postural and Gait Research (ISPG), pp. 135-139; Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Buchser, E., Rutschmann, B., Hayoz, D., Depairon, M., Robert, Ph., Accurate physical mobility analysis of patients treated by neuromodulation (2001) Proceedings of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), pp. 378-379, Zurich; Buchser, E.E., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Bovet, N., Menoud, C., Le Berre, J., Aminian, K., Che?del, D., (...), Robert, Ph., Improved mobility in patients treated for chronic pain by spinal cord stimulation (2002) 10th World Congress on Pain, San Diego, CA; Lieberman, J.R., Dorey, F., Shekelle, P., Differences between patients and physicians evaluations of outcome after total hip arthroplasty (1996) Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 78, pp. 835-838; Aminian, K., Rezakhanlou, K., De Andres, E., Fritsch, C., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Temporal features estimation during walking using miniature accelerometers: An analysis of gait improvement after hip arthroplasty (1999) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computation, 37, pp. 686-691; Calame, C., Kuster, M., Jump height determination of continious jumps Proceedings of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics 2001 (ISB), Zurich; www.zebris.de.
Cited By: 3; Export Date: 14 August 2006; Source: Scopus
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Aminian, K.; Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement; School of Engineering; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: kamiar.aminian@epfl.ch
References: Sparks, D.R., Huang, X., Higdon, W., Johnson, J.D., Angular rate sensor and accelerometer combined on the same micromachined CMOS chip (1998) Microsystem Technologies, 4, pp. 139-142; Komura, T., Shinagawa, Y., Kunii, T.L., Calculation and visualization of the dynamic ability of the human body (1999) Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 10 (2), pp. 57-78; Bodenheimer, B., Rose, C., Rosenthal, S., Pella, J., The process of motion capture: Dealing with the data (1997) Computer Animation and Simulation'97, pp. 3-18, Thalmann D, van de Panne M (eds). Eurographics Animation Workshop, New York. Springer: Berlin; Molet, T., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D., A real-time anatomical converter for human motion capture Proceedings of the 7th Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation, pp. 79-94, Springer: Vienna, 1996; Dickstein, R., Abulaffio, N., Gelernter, I., Pillar, T., An ultrasonic-operated kinematic measurement system for assessment of stance balance in the clinic (1996) Clinical Biomechanics, 11, pp. 173-175; Herda, L., Fua, P., Pla?nkers, R., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D., Using skeleton-based tracking to increase the reliability of optical motion capture (2001) Journal of Human Movement Science, 20, pp. 313-341; Delaney, B., On the trail of the shadow woman: The mystery of motion capture (1998) IEEE: Computer Graphics and Applications, 18 (5), pp. 14-19; (2003)http://www.vicon.com, August; (2003)http://www.bts.it, August; (2003)http://www.peakperform.com, August; (2003)http://www.motek.org, August; Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Leardini, A., Benedetti, M.G., Della Croce, U., Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Experimental artefact (1996) Clinical Biomechanics, 11 (2), pp. 90-100; Cappozzo, A., Cappello, A., Della Croce, U., Pensalfini, F., Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction (1997) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44, pp. 1165-1174; Chang, W.L., Su, F.C., Wu, H.W., Wong, C.Y., Motion analysis of scapula with combined skeleton and skin-based marker system (1998) 3rd World Congress of Biomechanics, Sapporo, Japan, 2-8 August; Martinet, N., Andre, J.-M., Analyse cine?matique: Approche goniome?trique (1994) La Marche Humaine et Sa Pathologie, pp. 75-82, Pelissier J, Brun V (eds). Coll. de pathologie locomotrice No. 27. Masson: Paris; Roduit, R., Besse, P.A., Micalef, J.P., Flexible angular sensor (1947) IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, (4), pp. 1020-1022; (2003)www.measurand.com, August; Asch, G., Desgoutte, P., Capteurs de position et de?placement (1991) Les Capteurs en Instrumentation Industrielle, pp. 386-390, Asch G (ed.). Dunod: Paris; Kemp, B., Janssen Ad, J.M.W., Bob Van Der Kamp, B., Body position can be monitored in 3D using miniature accelerometers and earth-magnetic field sensors (1998) Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 109, pp. 484-488; Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., MacIntyre, B., Recent advances in augmented reality (2001) IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21 (6), pp. 34-47; Zhu, H.S., Wertsch, J.J., Harris, G.F., Loftsgaarden, J.D., Price, M.B., Foot pressure distribution during walking and shuffling (1991) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72, pp. 390-397; Abu-Faraj, Z.O., Harris, G.F., Abler, J.H., Wertsch, J.J., A Holter-type, microprocessor-based, rehabilitation instrument for acquisition and storage of plantar pressure data (1997) Journal of Rehabilitation, Research and Development, 34, pp. 187-194; Aminian, K., Robert, P., Buchser, E.E., Rutschmann, B., Hayoz, D., Depairon, M., Physical activity monitoring based on accelerometry: Validation and comparison with video observation (1999) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computation, 37, pp. 304-308; Aminian, K., De Andre?s, E., Rezakhanlou, K., Fritsch, C., Depairon, M., Schutz, Y., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Motion analysis in clinical practice using ambulatory accelerometry (1998) Captech 98, LNAI1537, pp. 1-11, Springer: Berlin; Gre?tillat, F., (1998) Silicon Micromachined Vibrating Gyroscopes with Piezoresistive Detection and Electromagnetic Excitation, Dissertation, University of Neucha?tel; Tong, K., Granat, M.H., A practical gait analysis system using gyroscopes (1999) Medical Engineering and Physics, 21, pp. 87-94; Dejnabadi, H., Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Trevisan, C., Telonio, A., Frigo, C., Pavan, E., (...), Leyvraz, P.F., Joint and segment angles of lower limbs in hip ostheoarthritis and total hip replaced patients measured using Physilog system (2002) EORS 2002 Transactions, 12, pp. O96; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Robert, Ph., An ambulatory system for physical activity monitoring in elderly (2000) Proceedings of the 1st International IEEE EMBS, pp. 562-566, Special Topic Conference on Microtechnology in Medicine and Biology, 12-14, October, Lyon, France; Sagawa, K., Satoh, Y., Non-restricted measurement of walking distance, systems, man, and cybernetics (2000) IEEE International Conference, 3, pp. 1847-1852; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., (2002)Body movement monitoring system and method, Patent no. EP1195139; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Loew, F., Bu?la, C., Robert, Ph., Ambulatory system for human motion analysis using a kinematic sensor: Monitoring of daily physical activity in elderly (2003) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 50 (6), pp. 711-723; Fyfe, K.R., Fyfe, K.W., (2001)Motion analyis system. European patent, EP1066793; Williamson, R., Andrews, B.J., Detecting absolute human knee angle and angular velocity using accelerometers and rate gyroscopes (2001) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 39, pp. 294-302; Wu, G., Ladin, Z., The Kinematometer: An integrated kinematic sensor for Kinesiological measurements (1993) Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 115, pp. 53-62; Mallat, S.G., Hwang, W.L., Singularity detection and processing with wavelets (1989) IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Pocessing, 37 (12), pp. 2091-2110; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Body, Ph., Body postures and walking period estimation using a kinematic sensor: Application for long term monitoring of physical activity in Elderly (2001) ESAMC-2001, Gait and Posture, 14 (2), pp. 119-120; Najafi, B., (2003) Physical Activity Monitoring and Risk of Falling Evaluation in Elderly People, Thesis 2672, Faculte? STI. Section d'e?lectricite?, EPFL, Lausanne; Wachowiak, M.P., Rash, G.S., Quesada, P.M., Desoky, A.H., Wavelet-based noise removal for biomechanical signals: A comparative study (2000) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 47 (3), pp. 360-368; Chau, T., A review of analytical techniques for gait data. Part 1: Fuzzy, statistical, and fractal methods (2001) Gait and Posture, 13, pp. 49-66; Chau, T., A review of analytical techniques for gait data. Part 2: Neural network and wavelet methods (2001) Gait and Posture, 13, pp. 102-120; Medicine and science (2000) Sports and Exercise, 32 (8), pp. S439-S516, Septembersupplement; Wall, J.C., Ashburn, A., Klenerman, L., Gait analysis in the assessment of functional performance before and after total hip replacement (1981) Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 3, pp. 121-127; Hase, K., Miyashita, K., Ok, S., Arakawa, Y., Human gait simulation with a neuromusculoskeletal model and evolutionary computation (2003) Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 14 (2), pp. 73-92; Vaughan, C.L., Davis, B.L., O'Connor, J.C., (1992) Dynamics of Human Gait, Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL; Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Bula, C., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Spatio-temporal parameters of gait measured by an ambulatory system using miniature gyroscopes (2002) Journal of Biomechanics, 35 (5), pp. 689-699; Nyberg, L., Gustafson, Y., Patients falls in stroke rehabilitation. A challenge to rehabilitation strategies (1995) Stroke, 26, pp. 832-842; Pai, Y.C., Rogers, M.W., Control of body mass transfer as a function of speed of ascent in sit to stand (1990) Medical Science and Sports Exercise, 22, pp. 378-384; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Loew, F., Blanc, Y., Robert, Ph., Measurement of stand-sit and sit-stand transitions using a miniature gyroscope and its application in fall risk evaluation in the elderly (2002) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (8), pp. 843-851; Tinetti, M.E., Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients (1986) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34, pp. 119-126; Prince, F., Corriveau, H., Hebert, R., Winter, D.A., Gait in the elderly (1997) Gait and Posture, 5 (2), pp. 128-135; Maki, B.E., Gait changes in older adults: Predictors of falls or indicators of fear (1997) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 453, pp. 313-320; Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Bula, C., Ruggieri, G., Robert, Ph., Falling risk evaluation in elderly using miniature gyroscope: Relation between gait and risk of falling (2001) Proceedings of the International Society for Postural and Gait Research (ISPG), pp. 135-139; Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Aminian, K., Najafi, B., Buchser, E., Rutschmann, B., Hayoz, D., Depairon, M., Robert, Ph., Accurate physical mobility analysis of patients treated by neuromodulation (2001) Proceedings of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), pp. 378-379, Zurich; Buchser, E.E., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Bovet, N., Menoud, C., Le Berre, J., Aminian, K., Che?del, D., (...), Robert, Ph., Improved mobility in patients treated for chronic pain by spinal cord stimulation (2002) 10th World Congress on Pain, San Diego, CA; Lieberman, J.R., Dorey, F., Shekelle, P., Differences between patients and physicians evaluations of outcome after total hip arthroplasty (1996) Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 78, pp. 835-838; Aminian, K., Rezakhanlou, K., De Andres, E., Fritsch, C., Leyvraz, P.F., Robert, Ph., Temporal features estimation during walking using miniature accelerometers: An analysis of gait improvement after hip arthroplasty (1999) Medical and Biological Engineering and Computation, 37, pp. 686-691; Calame, C., Kuster, M., Jump height determination of continious jumps Proceedings of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics 2001 (ISB), Zurich; www.zebris.de.
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Scientific production and competences > STI - School of Engineering > IBI-STI - Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering > LMAM - Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement
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2006-11-30