The thesis covers the series of questions regarding the molecular structure and charge of oil nanodroplets in water. This work proposes a mechanism responsible for the stabilization of oil nanodroplets in water, which does not involve OH- adsorption. First, it describes a numerical model for absorptive processes in sum frequency scattering (SFS) experiments on nanoobjects in absorptive media. The developed approach made it possible to analyze the O-D stretch region of SFS spectra for oil droplets in D2O. With this analytical tool, the isotopic dilution of water revealed the uncoupled O-D stretch spectrum with characteristics of a stronger hydrogen bonding network compared to the bulk. Additionally, these SFS experiments revealed a broad distribution of non-hydrogen bonded modes that were red shifted and broadened compared to similar species found previously at the air/water interface. Furthermore, a polarimetric analysis of SFS spectra demonstrated that charge transfer at the oil/water interface may be responsible for stabilization of bare oil droplets in water. Finally, complimentary second harmonic scattering measurements provided further evidence that OH- adsorption can not be responsible for negative charge at the droplet's surface and an alternative mechanism was proposed, which involved charge transfer and the high conductivity of OH- ions.