This chapter consists of a literature review of the concept of "gentrification" and its historical development in urban studies. On the basis of an updated (inter)national bibliography on "gentrification", described as a phenomenon that manifests itself through consumption in renewed urban spaces, the authors present Operation "Porto Maravilha" as a paradigmatic urban intervention that highlights indications of an initial process of gentrification. It is based on the concept of "strategic gentrification" by Otília Arantes (2012) and on field observations, which express significant changes in the form, uses and content of this territory marked by socio-spatial segregation.