Organic nanowires are important building blocks for nanoscopic organic electronic devices. In order to ensure efficient charge transport through such nanowires, it is important to understand in detail the molecular parameters that guide self-assembly of pi-conjugated molecules into one-dimensional stacks with optimal constructive pi-pi overlap. Here, we investigated the subtle relationship between molecular structure and supramolecular arrangement of the chromophores in self-assembled nanowires prepared from perylene bisimides with oligopeptide-polymer side chains. We observed a "two-fold" odd-even effect in circular dichroism spectra of these derivatives, depending on both the number of L-alanine units in the oligopeptide segments and length of the alkylene spacer between chromophore and oligopeptide substituents. Our results indicate that there is a complex interplay between the translation of molecular chirality into supramolecular helicity and the molecules' inherent propensity for well-defined one-dimensional aggregation into beta-sheet-like superstructures in the presence of a central chromophore. Strong excitonic coupling as expressed by the appearance of hypsochromically and bathochromically shifted UV-vis absorptions and strong CD signals was systematically observed for molecules with an odd number of L-alanines in the side chains. The latter derivatives gave rise to nanowires with a significantly higher electron mobility. Our results, hence, provide an important design rule for self-assembled organic nanowires.