000191102 001__ 191102 000191102 005__ 20181203023338.0 000191102 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1021/nn403500g 000191102 022__ $$a1936-0851 000191102 02470 $$2ISI$$a000326209100070 000191102 037__ $$aARTICLE 000191102 245__ $$aImproved Nonaqueous Synthesis of TiO2 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 000191102 260__ $$bAmerican Chemical Society$$c2013$$aWashington 000191102 269__ $$a2013 000191102 300__ $$a9 000191102 336__ $$aJournal Articles 000191102 520__ $$aNonaqueous synthesis routes have emerged as a powerful platform for directly obtaining diverse metal oxide nanoparticles with high crystallinity and tunable compositions. The benzyl alcohol (BA) route, for example, has been applied toward dozens of oxides including binary, ternary, and even more complex multimetal systems. Here we compare anatase nanoparticles made from the BA route with the traditional hydrothermal route. XPS measurements Indicated that the BA route resulted in more reduced Ti states, corresponding to additional oxygen vacancies. These defects resulted in additional trap states, slower recombination, and slower charge transport. The performance of BA anatase was improved by incorporating niobium intended to suppress oxygen vacancies. The higher performance Nb-containing films were post-treated to yield a 7.96% power conversion efficiency (AM 1.5), similar to the state-of-the-art hydrolytic TiO2 in the same configuration. 000191102 6531_ $$aanatase nanoparticle 000191102 6531_ $$adye-sensitized solar cell 000191102 6531_ $$abenzyl alcohol 000191102 6531_ $$anonhydrolytic 000191102 700__ $$0245126$$g208642$$uUniv S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA$$aStefik, Morgan 000191102 700__ $$aHeiligtag, Florian J. 000191102 700__ $$aNiederberger, Markus 000191102 700__ $$uEcole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland$$aGraetzel, Michael$$g105292$$0240191 000191102 773__ $$j7$$tAcs Nano$$k10$$q8981-8989 000191102 909C0 $$xU10101$$0252060$$pLPI 000191102 909CO $$pSB$$particle$$ooai:infoscience.tind.io:191102 000191102 917Z8 $$x105528 000191102 937__ $$aEPFL-ARTICLE-191102 000191102 973__ $$rREVIEWED$$sPUBLISHED$$aEPFL 000191102 980__ $$aARTICLE