The BCR-ABL fusion kinase is the driving mutation of chronic myelogenous leukemias and is also expressed in a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Recent advances in elucidating the structure, regulation, and signaling of BCR-ABL have led to the identification of allosteric sites that are distant from the ATP-binding pocket and are critical for BCR-ABL-dependent oncogenic transformation. Here, we review the available data regarding the molecular mechanism of action and the specificity of ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL. In addition, we discuss how targeting of allosteric sites could provide new opportunities to inhibit resistant BCR-ABL mutants, either alone or in combination with conventional ATP-competitive inhibitors. Cancer Res; 72(19); 4890-5. (c) 2012 AACR.