We compile and analyze a nationwide dataset of rock mechanical properties in Switzerland, integrating more than 11,000 laboratory tests conducted according to applicable standards between 1970 and 2024. The dataset includes density, Brazilian tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and P-wave velocity. Measurements were harmonized in terms of units, metadata, and lithological classification, and a dedicated interlaboratory calibration confirms the reproducibility of key mechanical parameters under standardized procedures. Specimens were grouped into petrographic categories and linked to the national 1:500,000 lithological map for national-scale mapping. At the national scale, mechanical property distributions are non-Gaussian, reflecting lithological mixing, but become unimodal and more clearly resolved when analyzed by lithology. Strength parameters are generally best represented by asymmetric distributions (Weibull, Gumbel), whereas density, elastic moduli, and P-wave velocity more often follow near-normal laws consistent with bulk material responses. These lithology-resolved statistics were used to construct national maps of mechanical properties, revealing systematic geographic contrasts consistent with the distribution of sedimentary and crystalline rocks. Geological region and lithological heterogeneity are major sources of mechanical variability. The resulting database provides quantitative statistical priors for preliminary engineering-geology assessment, national-scale geomechanical modeling, and hazard analysis (available at saphyr-lemr.epfl.ch). Because the database is based mainly on shallow, intact laboratory specimens, the results should be used as preliminary probabilistic estimates rather than direct design values for rock masses under site-specific stress conditions.