Perovskite solar cells have recently exhibited a significant leap in efficiency due to their broad absorption, high optical absorption coefficient, very low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion lengths, efficient charge collection, and very high open-circuit potential, similar to that of III-IV semiconductors. Unlike silicon solar cells, perovskite solar cells can be developed from a variety of low-temperature solutions processed from inexpensive raw materials. When the perovskite absorber film formation is optimized using solvent engineering, a power conversion efficiency of over 21% has been demonstrated, highlighting the unique photovoltaic properties of perovskite materials. Here, we review the current progress in perovskite solar cells and charge transport materials. We highlight crucial challenges and provide a summary and prospects.