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research article

Cascaded-mode interferometers: Spectral shape and linewidth engineering

Lu, Jinsheng
•
Benea-Chelmus, Ileana-Cristina  
•
Ginis, Vincent
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March 19, 2025
Science Advances

Interferometers are essential tools for measuring and shaping optical fields, widely used in optical metrology, sensing, laser physics, and quantum mechanics. They superimpose waves with a mutual phase delay, modifying light intensity. A frequency-dependent phase delay enables spectral shaping for filtering, routing, wave shaping, or multiplexing. Conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometers generate sinusoidal output intensities, limiting spectral engineering capabilities. Here, we propose a framework that uses interference of multiple transverse modes within a single multimode waveguide to achieve arbitrary spectral shapes in a compact geometry. Designed corrugated gratings couple these modes, enabling energy exchange akin to a beam splitter for easy multimode handling. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate spectra with independently tunable linewidth and free spectral range, along with distinct spectral shapes for various transverse modes. Our method applies to orthogonal modes of different orders, polarization, and angular momentum, offering potential for sensing, calibration, metrology, and computing.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.adt4154
Web of Science ID

WOS:001447531300030

Author(s)
Lu, Jinsheng

Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci

Benea-Chelmus, Ileana-Cristina  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Ginis, Vincent

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Ossiander, Marcus

Graz University of Technology

Capasso, Federico

Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci

Date Issued

2025-03-19

Publisher

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE

Published in
Science Advances
Volume

11

Issue

12

Article Number

eadt4154

Subjects

FIBER

•

GENERATION

•

FILTER

•

LIGHT

•

Science & Technology

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
HYLAB  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

United States Department of Defense

FA9550- 23- 1- 0699

National Science Foundation (NSF)

ECCS- 2025158

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

201547

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Available on Infoscience
March 31, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/248350
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