Chemical activity-based carbon-deposition risk maps for solid oxide fuel cell systems with off-gas recirculation
Here, we present a methodology for the generalized quantification of the carbon (C)-formation risk in hydrocarbon mixtures based on the normalized chemical activity. An open-source computational thermodynamics tool is coupled to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack model to apply and validate this approach with literature data based on methane-fueled SOFC systems with anode off-gas recirculation. Two- and three-dimensional C-formation risk maps valid for all C-H-O mixtures are proposed for a practical, accurate, and meaningful assessment of the trade-off between C-deposition risk and SOFC performance. Compared to conventional risk evaluation methods such as steam-to-carbon ratio (SCR), oxygen-to-carbon ratio (OCR), or C-H-O ternary-phase diagrams, this approach allows a system-agnostic evaluation of different designs operated at varying conditions at a constant C-formation risk margin. The generalized formulation allows integration into process optimization workflows to obtain high-performance system designs with extended stack operating windows.
2-s2.0-105029510307
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management, TU Delft
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2026
103106
REVIEWED
EPFL