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research article

Flexoelectricity in amorphous hafnium oxide (HfO2)

Moreno-Garcia, Daniel  
•
Howell, Kaitlin M.  
•
Villanueva, Luis Guillermo  
October 1, 2024
APL Materials

Flexoelectricity, inherent in all materials, offers a promising alternative to piezoelectricity for nanoscale actuation and sensing. However, its widespread application faces significant challenges: differentiating flexoelectric effects from those of piezoelectricity and other phenomena, verifying its universality across all material structures and thicknesses, and establishing a comprehensive database of flexoelectric coefficients across different materials. This work introduces a groundbreaking methodology that accurately isolates flexoelectricity from piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and electrostatic effects, with a detection threshold extending below 1 fC/m. The robustness of this method is demonstrated through its application to amorphous hafnium oxide, successfully measuring a flexoelectric coefficient of 105 ± 10 pC/m. This measurement signifies the first measurement of flexoelectricity in hafnia, as well as in any amorphous material. In addition, the study compiles a list of published flexoelectric coefficients, revealing an important insight. The relationship between the flexoelectric coefficient and the material’s relative permittivity is better approximated by a quadratic proportionality. This challenges the traditional linear assumption proposed in Kogan’s work and opens new avenues for future research in flexoelectric materials.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1063/5.0220532
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85208287057

Author(s)
Moreno-Garcia, Daniel  
•
Howell, Kaitlin M.  
•
Villanueva, Luis Guillermo  
Date Issued

2024-10-01

Published in
APL Materials
Volume

12

Issue

10

Article Number

101112

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
NEMS  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

Swiss National Science Foundation

CRSII5_189967,PP00P2_170590

Available on Infoscience
January 25, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/244228
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