Surface deposition is a critical step in the application of fragrance-containing products. This contribution presents a novel strategy to enhance the deposition of polymer-based fragrance delivery systems onto cotton substrates from the application medium using phage display identified peptides. Following the identification of cotton binding peptide ligands under fabric softening conditions via phage display, the strongest binding peptide ligand is incorporated into two model polymer-based fragrance delivery systems, viz., polymer profragrances and polymer nanoparticles. The model polymer profragrance used is a linear, water soluble poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) conjugate, while poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (PS-co-PAA) nanoparticles prepared via miniemulsion polymerization are chosen as the second model system. The incorporation of the cotton binding peptide ligand into these fragrance delivery systems enhances their surface deposition two-to threefold, as evidenced by fluorescence intensity measurements. In the case of the fragrance-containing PS-co-PAA nanoparticles, the enhanced surface deposition also translates into an increased fragrance release from the cotton surface according to dynamic headspace sampling measurements.