Doctor Macchi reported on the progress of an animal model study of electric propagation initiated by electric stimuli. Doctor Oostendorp first gave an introduction to the inverse problem of cardiac activation time mapping (ATM), the determination of the depolarization times at the myocardial surface as computed from the equivalent double layer (EDL) source model, and a biophysical model of the volume conductor involved: the passive conductive tissues inside the thorax. Doctor van Oosterom presented some results from an ongoing study aimed at extracting more information about the atrial electric activity from potentials observed on the body surface: the ECG. Doctor Zabel discussed the potential of using a standard 12-lead ECG device for estimating body surface potential maps.