Monitoring dopamine and norepinephrine (or other structurally similar neurotransmitters) in the same brain region necessitates selective sensing. In this Viewpoint, we highlight electrochemical and optical strategies for advancing simultaneous real-time measurements of dopamine and norepinephrine transmission. The potential for DNA aptamers as recognition elements in the context of field-effect transistor sensing for selective and simultaneous neurotransmitter monitoring in vivo is also discussed.