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  4. Characterization of a fiber-coupled SPAD camera system for deep-tissue blood-flow measurement using diffuse correlation spectroscopy
 
preprint

Characterization of a fiber-coupled SPAD camera system for deep-tissue blood-flow measurement using diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Moore, Christopher
•
Wayne, Michael A.  
•
Ülkü, Arin Can  
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January 2, 2026

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a promising technique for noninvasive measurement of blood flow, especially for cerebral blood flow where other noninvasive techniques have shortcomings. Conventional DCS often requires multiple simultaneous measurements to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) especially when probing deep into the brain with large source-detector separations where photons are scarce. However, this limits scalability when using discrete optical detectors. This study demonstrates the application of the 500 x 500 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, SwissSPAD3, coupled with a custom field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design, which enables significant increases in SNR compared to conventional DCS systems. We validate the fiber-coupled SPAD camera system against a lab-standard CW-DCS system in two-layer liquid phantoms and in human measurements, and demonstrate robust blood-flow tracking at source-detector separations up to 3.25 cm. These results support SPAD-based parallel detection as a scalable route to improved deep-tissue DCS performance in humans.

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Type
preprint
DOI
10.64898/2026.01.02.25343000
Author(s)
Moore, Christopher

Stony Brook University

Wayne, Michael A.  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Ülkü, Arin Can  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Moş, Paul  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Bruschini, Claudio  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Charbon, Edoardo  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Sunar, Ulaş

Stony Brook University

Date Issued

2026-01-02

Publisher

medRxiv

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
AQUA  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

NIBIB Brain Initiative

7R01EB031759-03

Available on Infoscience
January 5, 2026
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/257517
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