An integral equation describing the time evolution of the population activity in a homogeneous pool of spiking neurons of the integrate-and-fire type is discussed. It is analytically shown that transients from a state of incoherent firing can be immediate. The stability of incoherent firing is analyzed in terms of the noise level and transmission delay, and a bifurcation diagram is derived. The response of a population of noisy integrate-and-fire neurons to an input current of small amplitude is calculated and characterized by a linear filter L. The stability of perfectly synchronized “locked” solutions is analyzed.