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research article

Sensorized Engineered Tissues with Built‐in Thermoregulation and Nutrient Supply

Georgopoulou, Antonia  
•
Schreiner, Jakob
•
Filippi, Miriam
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March 9, 2026
Advanced Functional Materials

Engineered tissues are widely used to replicate and restore biological structures; however, their functionality critically depends on high cell survival. Cell viability is often compromised when tissues are handled or stored outside controlled environments due to temperature fluctuations and nutrient depletion. While incubators can mitigate these limitations, maintaining stable conditions during handling and transport remains challenging. To address this challenge, we introduce a hydrogel‐based tissue engineering scaffold with integrated thermoregulation and nutrient delivery. The scaffold is based on granular hydrogels whose interstitial spaces are functionalized with the conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which imparts electronic conductivity, while Zn 2 + ions enhance ionic conductivity. These additives enable Joule heating, providing control over the substrate temperature. Continuous passive nutrient delivery is achieved by functionalizing the substrate with cell media–loaded polyelectrolyte microfragments. This hydrogel‐based platform sustains homeostatic conditions without the need for external incubators, improving cell viability and resilience, which is key, for example, for point‐of‐care testing and personalized medicine.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1002/adfm.202530747
Author(s)
Georgopoulou, Antonia  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Schreiner, Jakob
Filippi, Miriam
Balciunaite, Aiste
Katzschmann, Robert K.
Amstad, Esther  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Date Issued

2026-03-09

Publisher

Wiley

Published in
Advanced Functional Materials
Article Number

e30747

Subjects

bio-hybrid systems

•

flexible electronics

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granular hydrogels

•

homeostasis

•

tissue engineering

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SMAL  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

Novartis

24B139

European Cooperation in Science and Technology

CA19118

National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg

51NF40‐205603

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Available on Infoscience
March 11, 2026
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/261275
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