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  4. Multi-device Analysis of Energy Loss Duration and Pellet Penetration with Implications for Shattered Pellet Injection in Iter
 
research article

Multi-device Analysis of Energy Loss Duration and Pellet Penetration with Implications for Shattered Pellet Injection in Iter

Bodner, G.
•
Eidietis, N.
•
Chen, Z.
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June 1, 2025
Nuclear Fusion

A robust disruption mitigation system (DMS) requires accurate characterization of key disruption timescales, one of the most notable being the thermal quench (TQ). Recent modeling of shattered pellet injection (SPI) into ITER plasmas, using JOREK and INDEX, suggests long TQ durations (6-10 ms) and slow cold front propagation due to the large plasma size. If validated, these predictions would have an impact on the desired pellet parameters and mitigation strategies for the ITER DMS. To resolve these questions, a database of SPI experiments from several small-to-large sized devices (J-TEXT, KSTAR, AUG, DIII-D, and JET) has been compiled under the auspices of the International Tokamak Physics Activity MHD, disruptions, and control topical group. Analysis of the energy loss duration (proxy for the TQ duration) with machine size is presented for both mixed neon/deuterium (Ne/D) SPI and pure deuterium (D) SPI. Several metrics for the energy loss onset (e.g. soft x-ray signal drop, Ip dip, and radiation flash) were considered as the conventional metric, electron cyclotron emission, is often cut-off during SPI. Several scalings with different onset metrics showed an increase in energy loss duration with machine size. The energy loss duration was additionally shown to be a function of the ratio between the number of SPI neon atoms injected and the stored energy. Analysis of the pellet shard position relative to the cold front found that in larger devices, pellets are typically found inboard of the q=2 surface at the energy loss onset. Lastly, the delay between the pellet shards hitting the q=2 surface and the energy loss onset was additionally found to increase with machine size. This suggests that the pellet shards in large devices will penetrate faster and further than the cooling front.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/add170
Web of Science ID

WOS:001485467400001

Author(s)
Bodner, G.

General Atomics & Affiliated Companies

Eidietis, N.

General Atomics & Affiliated Companies

Chen, Z.

Huwang Univ Sci & Technol China

Heinrich, P.

Max Planck Society

Herfindal, J.

United States Department of Energy (DOE)

Jachmich, S.

ITER

Papp, G.

Max Planck Society

Kim, J.

Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE)

Lehnen, M.

ITER

Sheikh, U.  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Corporate authors
JET Contributors
•
UROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Date Issued

2025-06-01

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd

Published in
Nuclear Fusion
Volume

65

Issue

6

Article Number

066010

Subjects

disruption mitigation

•

shattered pellet injection

•

thermal quench

•

disruption

•

ITER

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SPC-TCV  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

EUROfusion

ITER Organization

ITER project

Available on Infoscience
May 19, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/250257
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