This book provides an introduction to spatio-temporal design that contains a description of one or two basic settings (e.g., migration and biodiversity) that includes real data sets, data-generating mechanisms, and possible simulation scenarios. Furthermore, the book provides an overview of existing methodology, together with details of new theoretical developments and some practical applications; and discusses basic methods and distinguishes between design- and model-based approaches to collecting space-time data. Data examples are featured, and the same case studies are used throughout to demonstrate the different approaches and their integration.