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research article

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths

Leskelä, Lasse
•
Dreveton, Maximilien  
January 22, 2026
Statistica Neerlandica

Markov chains are fundamental models for stochastic dynamics, with applications in a wide range of areas such as population dynamics, queueing systems, reinforcement learning, and Monte Carlo methods. Estimating the transition matrix and stationary distribution from observed sample paths is a core statistical challenge, particularly when multiple independent trajectories are available. While classical theory typically assumes identical chains with known stationary distributions, real‐world data often arise from heterogeneous chains whose transition kernels and stationary measures might differ from a common target. We analyze empirical estimators for such parallel Markov processes and establish sharp concentration inequalities that generalize Bernstein‐type bounds from standard time averages to ensemble‐time averages. Our results provide nonasymptotic error bounds and consistency guarantees in high‐dimensional regimes, accommodating sparse or weakly mixing chains, model mismatch, nonstationary initializations, and partially corrupted data. These findings offer rigorous foundations for statistical inference in heterogeneous Markov chain settings common in modern computational applications.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1111/stan.70023
Author(s)
Leskelä, Lasse
Dreveton, Maximilien  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Date Issued

2026-01-22

Publisher

Wiley

Published in
Statistica Neerlandica
Volume

80

Issue

1

Article Number

e70023

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
INDY1  
Available on Infoscience
January 26, 2026
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/258524
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