In this paper, an automatic synthesis methodology based on evolutionary computation is applied to evolve neural controllers for a homogeneous team of miniature autonomous mobile robots. Both feed-forward and recurrent neural networks can be evolved with fixed or variable network topologies. The efficacy of the evolutionary methodology is demonstrated in the framework of a realistic case study on collective robotic inspection of regular structures, where the robots are only equipped with limited local on-board sensing and actuating capabilities. The neural controller solutions generated during evolutions are evaluated in a sensorbased embodied simulation environment with realistic noise. It is shown that the evolutionary algorithms are able to successfully synthesize a variety of novel neural controllers that could achieve performances comparable to a carefully hand-tuned, rule-based controller in terms of both average performance and robustness to noise.