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research article

Context selectivity with dynamic availability enables lifelong continual learning

Barry, Martin L.L R.  
•
Gerstner, Wulfram  
•
Bellec, Guillaume  
December 2025
Neural Networks

“You never forget how to ride a bike”, – but how is that possible? The brain is able to learn complex skills, stop the practice for years, learn other skills in between, and still retrieve the original knowledge when necessary. The mechanisms of this capability, referred to as lifelong learning (or continual learning, CL), are unknown. We suggest a bio-plausible meta-plasticity rule building on classical work in CL which we summarize in two principles: (i) neurons are context selective, and (ii) a local availability variable partially freezes the plasticity if the neuron was relevant for previous tasks. In a new neuro-centric formalization of these principles, we suggest that neuron selectivity and neuron-wide consolidation is a simple and viable meta-plasticity hypothesis to enable CL in the brain. In simulation, this simple model balances forgetting and consolidation leading to better transfer learning than contemporary CL algorithms on image recognition and natural language processing CL benchmarks.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107728
Author(s)
Barry, Martin L.L R.  

EPFL

Gerstner, Wulfram  

EPFL

Bellec, Guillaume  

EPFL

Date Issued

2025-12

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Published in
Neural Networks
Volume

192

Article Number

107728

Subjects

Continual Learning

•

Lifelong learning

•

Metaplasticity

•

Computational neuroscience

•

Biologically plausible learning rules

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LCN1  
FunderGrant Number

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

200020_207426 ; CRSII5 198612

Available on Infoscience
August 11, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/252880
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