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conference paper

Lightweight Cross-Lingual Sentence Representation Learning

Mao, Zhuoyuan
•
Gupta, Prakhar  
•
Chu, Chenhui
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January 1, 2021
59Th Annual Meeting Of The Association For Computational Linguistics And The 11Th International Joint Conference On Natural Language Processing (Acl-Ijcnlp 2021)
Joint Conference of 59th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Computational-Linguistics (ACL) / 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) / 6th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP)

Large-scale models for learning fixed-dimensional cross-lingual sentence representations like LASER (Artetxe and Schwenk, 2019b) lead to significant improvement in performance on downstream tasks. However, further increases and modifications based on such large-scale models are usually impractical due to memory limitations. In this work, we introduce a lightweight dual-transformer architecture with just 2 layers for generating memory-efficient cross-lingual sentence representations. We explore different training tasks and observe that current cross-lingual training tasks leave a lot to be desired for this shallow architecture. To ameliorate this, we propose a novel cross-lingual language model, which combines the existing single-word masked language model with the newly proposed cross-lingual token-level reconstruction task. We further augment the training task by the introduction of two computationally-lite sentence-level contrastive learning tasks to enhance the alignment of cross-lingual sentence representation space, which compensates for the learning bottleneck of the lightweight transformer for generative tasks. Our comparisons with competing models on cross-lingual sentence retrieval and multilingual document classification confirm the effectiveness of the newly proposed training tasks for a shallow model.

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