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  4. Enhancing CO2 hydrogenation to methanol in fixed and fluidized bed reactors by selective in-situ adsorption of water
 
research article

Enhancing CO2 hydrogenation to methanol in fixed and fluidized bed reactors by selective in-situ adsorption of water

Berretta, Chiara  
•
Pappagallo, Mauro Andrea  
•
Moioli, Emanuele
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December 15, 2025
Chemical Engineering Journal

Methanol synthesis offers a significant pathway for carbon dioxide valorization and hydrogen storage. However, carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol is thermodynamically limited. To couple the process with biogenic carbon dioxide supply from organic wastes and green hydrogen, a way to shift the equilibrium by other means than the pressure must be found. This work investigates the underlying aspects of sorption-enhanced methanol synthesis by selective steam removal in fixed and bubbling fluidized bed configurations. Zeolite 3 A is chosen as a suitable sorbent based on its selectivity towards water and retention of sorption capacity between 220 and 280 °C. A dynamic model for simulation of the fixed-bed sorption-enhanced methanol synthesis shows reactor performance at the targeted application pressure of 20–30 bar. Enhanced product yields beyond thermodynamic equilibrium limits are obtained in a lab-scale reactor at 3 bar and 220–250 °C via over-stochiometric water adsorption. In both reactor configurations, low-pressure enhancement primarily promotes carbon monoxide yield. Predicted methanol yields at higher pressures reach similar values, which suggests implementing a two-stage process. The additional production relative to the total output expected under full equilibrium limitation results in a 14–23 % integrated enhancement for methanol and 17–20 % for carbon monoxide, depending on temperature and reactor configuration. During the sorption-enhancement peak, the maximum achievable yields reach 130–175 % and 160–185 %, respectively. The transient nature of sorption enhancement is highlighted, suggesting a fluidized reactor design for continuous regeneration in a separate vessel, promoted by a sharper water breakthrough than in a fixed bed, a more compact reactor volume, and improved temperature distribution.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.cej.2025.170755
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-105022631517

Author(s)
Berretta, Chiara  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Pappagallo, Mauro Andrea  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Moioli, Emanuele

Paul Scherrer Institut

Kröcher, Oliver  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Schildhauer, Tilman J.

Paul Scherrer Institut

Date Issued

2025-12-15

Published in
Chemical Engineering Journal
Volume

526

Article Number

170755

Subjects

CO₂ hydrogenation

•

Fixed-bed reactor

•

Fluidized-bed reactor

•

Sorption-enhanced methanol synthesis

•

Zeolite 3A

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
GR-KRO  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

PSI

Board of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

ETH

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Available on Infoscience
December 1, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/256496
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