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research article

Structure of pressure-gradient-driven current singularity in ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium

Huang, Yi-Min
•
Zhou, Yao
•
Loizu, Joaquim  
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February 16, 2023
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Singular currents typically appear on rational surfaces in non-axisymmetric ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria with a continuum of nested flux surfaces and a continuous rotational transition. These currents have two components: a surface current (Dirac δ-function in flux surface labeling) that prevents the formation of magnetic islands, and an algebraically divergent Pfirsch–Schlüter current density when a pressure gradient is present across the rational surface. On flux surfaces adjacent to the rational surface, the traditional treatment gives the Pfirsch–Schlüter current density scaling as $J\sim1/\Delta\iota$, where $\Delta\iota$ is the difference of the rotational transform relative to the rational surface. If the distance s between flux surfaces is proportional to $\Delta\iota$, the scaling relation $J\sim1/\Delta\iota\sim1/s$ will lead to a paradox that the Pfirsch–Schlüter current is not integrable. In this work, we investigate this issue by considering the pressure-gradient-driven singular current in the Hahm–Kulsrud–Taylor problem, which is a prototype for singular currents arising from resonant magnetic perturbations. We show that not only the Pfirsch–Schlüter current density but also the diamagnetic current density are divergent as ${\sim}1/\Delta\iota$. However, due to the formation of a Dirac δ-function current sheet at the rational surface, the neighboring flux surfaces are strongly packed with $s\sim(\Delta\iota)^{2}$. Consequently, the singular current density $J\sim1/\sqrt{s}$, making the total current finite, thus resolving the paradox. Furthermore, the strong packing of flux surfaces causes a steepening of the pressure gradient near the rational surface, with $\nabla p \sim \mathrm {d}p/\mathrm {d}s \sim 1/\sqrt{s}$. In general non-axisymmetric MHD equilibrium, contrary to Grad's conjecture that the pressure profile is flat around densely distributed rational surfaces, our result suggests a pressure profile that densely steepens around them.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1088/1361-6587/acb382
Author(s)
Huang, Yi-Min
Zhou, Yao
Loizu, Joaquim  
Hudson, Stuart
Bhattacharjee, Amitava
Date Issued

2023-02-16

Published in
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Volume

65

Article Number

034008

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SPC  
Available on Infoscience
March 30, 2023
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/196630
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