Impairments in Gain-Equalized Distributed Fiber Raman Amplifiers due to Four-Wave Mixing and Parametric Amplification Processes
In this work, by means of numerical simulations, we verify that four‐wave mixing (FWM) processes, including depletion and parametric gain, generate a redistribution of pump power in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DFRAs). As a consequence of pump‐pump FWM, FWM products are generated, as well as a power exchange between pumps, which produces degradation in the performance of the amplifier due to new SRS‐FWM interactions. Numerical results show impairments in distributed amplified systems due to these interactions, such as loss of flatness on the spectral gain, reduction on the net Raman gain, and presence of strong FWM products within the transmission band.
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