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  4. SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD cameras with continuous streaming at up to 100 kpfs and picosecond system-level synchronization for quantum imaging applications
 
conference paper

SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD cameras with continuous streaming at up to 100 kpfs and picosecond system-level synchronization for quantum imaging applications

Mos, Paul  
•
Wayne, Michel A.
•
Ardelean, Andrei  
Show more
Scheuer, Jacob
•
Shahriar, Selim M.
2024
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
2 Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

The SwissSPAD2/3 camera family is based on quarter megapixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time gated imagers. The 16.38-µm low-noise pixels feature a single-bit memory and built-in all-solid-state nanosecond time gating without the need for external image intensifiers. Microlenses have also been made available to increase the overall system sensitivity, including for high NA applications. SwissSPAD2/3 are coupled to FPGA platforms enabling a virtually noiseless streaming at up to 100 kpfs. A 1-bit accumulation of frames to reconfigurable number of bits was programmed on the FPGA for applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). In other applications, a burst-mode read-out of 130,000 binary frames to a DDD3 memory of one sensor half was programmed on one FPGA for applications requiring full bitplanes. These initial configurations were extended to dual-FPGA systems capable of streaming data at near 100 kfps in continuous mode for long acquisition times. In such configuration one FPGA streams data from one sensor half to the other FPGA, which then sends the combined data stream to a host PC over PCIe at up to 3 GB/s. The eight PCIe lanes require careful design with differential routing and controlled impedance and the whole development presented significant hardware and firmware challenges. We also achieved full synchronization of two SwissSPAD2 camera systems over PCIe and characterized the pixel-to-pixel exposure timing alignment error to better than 150 ps with a time gate of 10 ns. The resulting platforms are unique enablers for quantum imaging applications, such as plenoptic maging, quantum LIDAR or quanta burst photography.

  • Details
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Type
conference paper
DOI
10.1117/12.2692931
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85191659094

Author(s)
Mos, Paul  
•
Wayne, Michel A.
•
Ardelean, Andrei  
•
Ulku, Arin C.  
•
Charbon, Edoardo  
Editors
Scheuer, Jacob
•
Shahriar, Selim M.
Date Issued

2024

Publisher

SPIE

Published in
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN of the book

9781510670846

Book part number

12912

Article Number

129120Q

Subjects

PCIe interface

•

Picosecond system-level synchronization

•

Plenoptic maging

•

Quanta burst photography

•

Quantum LIDAR

•

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs)

•

Time-gated imaging

•

Time-resolved imaging

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
AQUA  
Event nameEvent acronymEvent placeEvent date
2 Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

San Francisco, United States

2024-01-27 - 2024-02-01

Available on Infoscience
January 26, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/245215
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