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  4. Thermally reconfigurable varifocal silicon metalens
 
conference paper

Thermally reconfigurable varifocal silicon metalens

Archetti, Anna  
•
Lin, Ren-Jie  
•
Tsoulos, Ted V.
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January 1, 2021
Current Developments In Lens Design And Optical Engineering Xxii
Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXII

Active optical components are essential building blocks for a wide variety of applications such as optical communications, microscopy, and illumination systems. Reconfigurable metasurfaces, which consist of arrays of sub-wavelength meta-atoms, can be engineered to uniquely realize compact and multifunctional optical elements, enabling light-polarization dynamic-control as well as beam steering, focusing or zooming. Varifocal metalenses, in particular, have attracted increasing interests. Yet, going beyond mechanical modulation schemes to realize ultra-thin devices with fast modulation remains challenging due to the complex phase and phase-delay profiles involved. Recently, thermooptical effects in dielectric nanostructures have emerged as a promising solution to tune their optical resonances, offering unexplored opportunities for ultra-thin reconfigurable metalenses, in particular silicon based ones. In this work, we report a proof-of-concept design of an ultrathin (300 nm thick) and thermo-optically reconfigurable silicon metalens operating in the visible regime (632 nm). Importantly, we demonstrate that, using thermo-optical effects, it is possible to achieve continuous modulation of the focal-length at a fixed wavelength. In particular, operating under right-circularly polarized light, our metalens exhibits a linear focal shift from 165 mu m at 20 degrees C to 135 mu m at 260 degrees C, exceeding the lens focal depth. The average conversion efficiency of the lens is 26%, close to mechanically modulated devices, while its Strehl ratio is 0.99, confirming a diffraction-limited performance. Concurrently, in this work we report an automatized methodology to design a reconfigurable metalens, compute its layout and verify the expected performance. Overall, we envision that, by further optimization of the optical response of individual meta-atoms with machine-learning algorithms, thermally-reconfigurable silicon metalenses will emerge as a viable, chip-compatible solution to realize ultrathin varifocal lenses.

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